Cathy Converse writes historical biography with a focus on exceptional women. Her book, Against the Current: The Remarkable Life of Agnes Deans Cameron (Touchwood, 2018) tells the story of Agnes (1863-1912) who was BC’s first female high school teacher and principal, an internationally published writer, one of the most significant writers of her time, itinerant traveller and promoter of western immigration.
Cathy Converse of Victoria has taught women's studies and criminology at Camosun College where she and a colleague edited In Her Own Right: Selected Essays on Women's History in B.C. She is also the author of Mainstays: Women Who Shaped B.C. (Horsdal & Schubart), the stories of little-known women such as talented portrait photographer Hannah Maynard and cancer specialist Dr. Ethyn Trapp.
Converse revised, edited and extensively expanded a re-released version of Beth Hill's 1978 book The Remarkable World of Frances Barkley (Touchwood Editions, 2004). [See Frances Barkley entry] She subsequently built upon the research of Edith Iglauer for a full-scale portrait of coastal author M. Wylie Blanchet, Following the Curve of Time (Touchwood). This book was nominated for the BC Booksellers' Choice Award in Honour of Bill Duthie.
Auntie Vie: A Life of Pickles and Pearls (TouchWood, 2010) is the biography of Pamela Anderson's aunt, who 'burst onto the scene as Pamela's biggest supporter' on the TV program Dancing with the Stars.
BOOKS:
The Remarkable World of Frances Barkley: 1769-1845 (Touchwood, 2008) 9781894898782. Co-authored by Beth Hill.
Auntie Vie: A Life of Pickles and Pearls (Touchwood, 2010) 9781926741154
Against the Current: The Remarkable Life of Agnes Deans Cameron (Touchwood, 2018) $20 9781771512961
Frances Barkley: Eighteenth-century Seafarer (Heritage, 2023) $12.95 9781772034417
[BCBW 2023]
REVIEWS:
Against the Current: The Remarkable Life of Agnes Deans Cameron by Cathy Converse (Touchwood, 2018)
When Agnes Deans Cameron died in 1912, her funeral cortege was the largest the city of Victoria had ever witnessed.
Fast forward to Canada's 150th anniversary of confederation and Agnes Deans Cameron was named one of the top 150 most significant individuals in B.C.'s history. But few people know her as the first celebrated author to be born in B.C.
Born in Victoria in 1863, she wrote one significant book, The New North: Being Some Account of a Woman's Journey through Canada to the Arctic (New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1910), that described a 10,000 mile return trip she made in 1908 with her niece. Cameron claimed they were the first non-Indigenous women to reach the Arctic overland and to travel down the Mackenzie River to the Beaufort Sea.
A lifelong crusader for women's suffrage, Cameron became B.C.'s first female high school teacher in 1890 and its first female principal in 1894. She was also one of British Columbia's first female journalists, publishing extensively in Canadian and American magazines such as Saturday Evening Post, Pacific Monthly, The Canadian Magazine, Educational Journal of Western Canada and The Coast.
Also, a perceptive observer of Inuit and Chipewyan culture and women, she travelled extensively in later years promoting immigration to western Canada and addressing audiences at Oxford, Cambridge, St. Andrew's University and the Royal Geographical Society. Now she's the subject of Cathy Converse's Against the Current: The Remarkable Life of Agnes Deans Cameron.
"The events that shaped Cameron's life, her integrity, her courage, and her intelligence piqued my interest," Converse says. "I was drawn to the fact that she was a strong woman who wrote her own script and was able to make the very best out of the very worst."
Cathy Converse was first introduced to Agnes Deans Cameron when Roberta Pazdro contributed a chapter to a book that Converse co-edited with Barbra Latham in 1980, called In Her Own Right: Selected Essays in Women's History in B.C.
"As a woman," Converse says, "I also felt that she could teach me about confidence and how to deflect the arrows that threaten to slay us the moment we dare to step apart from the norm."
Agnes Deans Cameron's parents were Scottish. Her brother William became a Victoria alderman and a member of the B.C. legislature; Cameron chose teaching as a profession and never married. Possibly she was influenced by a visit to Victoria by the leading American suffragist Susan B. Anthony in 1874.
Cameron earned her first teaching certificate at age 13. She taught at Angela College in Victoria at age 16, then in Comox and the sawmill settlement of Granville, before returning to Victoria after the death of her father in 1884.
At 26, while teaching at Victoria Boys' School, she became infamous for strapping a disobedient student named Herbert Burkholder. The parents objected to this disciplinary treatment and the controversy reached the press.
"I whipped him severely," she wrote, "just as severely as I could. But the father goes further and insists that I struck the boy on the head--this is a mistake." Cameron was fully exonerated.
Cameron was newsworthy again in 1901 when she wrote about sex discrimination in salaries. This time the Victoria school trustees dismissed her on a technicality for daring to threaten their authority. She was later reinstated.
In 1905, she was in hot water for allowing her students to use rulers for their drawing tests. Her dismissal this time brought forth a public outcry. A Royal Commission Inquiry was held for two months. It issued a 33-page report that upheld the firing.
The Royal Commission Inquiry process encouraged the government to suspend Cameron's first-class teaching certificate for three years effective June 1, 1906.
This fracas prompted Cameron to get elected as a Victoria School Trustee in 1906, placing herself in the position of working with the people who had fired her. Unable to work as a teacher, Cameron turned to journalism and was asked to speak at the third annual Canadian Press Association convention, in Winnipeg, in 1906. This led to a position with the Immigration Association, based in Chicago which prompted her resignation from the School Board of Victoria and her relocation to Chicago to work as a writer, chiefly writing about the Canadian West.
Cameron became vice-president of the Canadian Women's Press Club and began saving for her long hoped-for journey up the Mackenzie River to the Arctic Circle in 1908, at age 44, in the company of her niece, Jessie Cameron Brown. With photographic equipment and a typewriter, they made a six-month journey from Chicago to the Arctic via the Athabasca River, Great Slave Lake and the Mackenzie River.
Cameron's lone book is almost always accorded an initial publishing year of 1910 but it could well have been 1909. In her travelogue Cameron accepted polygamy among the Inuit but regretted the general status of women.
"Sad is the lot of the Indian woman of the North," she wrote. "Fated always to play a secondary part in the family drama, it is hard to see what of pleasure life holds for her. The birth of a baby girl is not attended with joy or thankfulness. From the beginning the little one is pushed into the background. The boy babies, even the dogs, have the choicer bed at night, and to them are given the best pieces of meat."
Cameron returned from the Arctic with a heightened awareness of the need to assert the equality of aboriginal peoples. She returned to Chicago and later toured Britain with Jessie Cameron Brown and another niece, Gladys Cameron, giving presentations about her journey at the end of 1909.
In 1911, Cameron returned to Victoria and appeared on stage with the British suffragette Emmeline Pankhurst.
Cameron's writing career was in its ascendancy with a four-month contract from the London Daily Mail to write a daily column about Canada and the prospect of being hired by the government of Canada to lecture throughout Britain to encourage immigration. She planned to write a novel about mining camps to be based upon research in Stewart, B.C.
Now that larger metropolitan centres had recognized her spirit and accomplishments, Cameron soon discovered she was welcomed back to Victoria as a celebrity. Stricken with appendicitis, Cameron contracted pneumonia following surgery and died at age 48 on May 13, 1912, in Victoria. Her body was taken to Seattle for cremation. 9781771512701
Frances Barkley: Eighteenth-century Seafarer
by Cathy Converse (Heritage $12.95)
Review by Beverly Cramp (BCBW 2023)
Fresh out of convent school in France where she had studied French, history and culture, seventeen-year-old Frances Trevor was back with her British family in 1786 when she met twenty-six-year-old sea captain Charles Barkley. Frances fell in love and married the seagoing merchant after a six-week courtship.
This was a time when large parts of the world were still being explored, and many parts of North America were uncharted. Yet the appeal of making fortunes by buying goods from remote places and selling them for huge mark-ups where such goods were in demand, took sailors on long sea voyages that often meant leaving their families behind for years at a time. It was unheard of for a wife to accompany her merchant mariner husband on the high seas, but Frances was hellbent on joining Charles. “I had only been on a ship once before,” Frances says in Frances Barkley: Eighteenth-century Seafarer by Cathy Converse, which references Frances’ written recollections called Reminiscences, compiled in the years before her death in 1845. “I was both excited for the adventure that lay before us and sad, for I knew that it would be a long time before I saw my family again.” Admitting she was naïve, Frances nonetheless was determined, declaring: “I did not want to be separated from my dear husband.”
Thus began Frances Barkley’s journeys from November 1786 to December 1794, as she became the first known woman to openly circumnavigate the earth on a sailing ship, and also the first European woman to visit the Pacific Northwest (there are stories of women disguised as men aboard ships in previous years). She gave birth to two children during this period, one of whom died and was buried at sea near what is known today as Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Sea otters from the pacific northwest were worth a fortune in China where they could be traded for goods such as tea, silk and porcelain that were highly sought after in Britain. Although there were already many ships in the merchant sea trade, few had voyaged around the world. It was risky and expensive. If successful, the Barkleys would be rich. But they also faced hardship, disease, fierce seas that could have taken them to a watery grave, and capture by pirates as well as imprisonment by enemy forces during war. There was also the beauty and awe of new lands and social high times in the homes of rich foreigners.
The Barkley’s descendants later scattered around the world including Vancouver Island, which is why Frances Barkley’s original Reminiscences ended up in the BC Archives. A previous book The Remarkable World of Frances Barkley (Gray’s, 1978) was written by Beth Hill (1924–1997), and later reissued and expanded with the help of Victoria’s Cathy Converse as The Remarkable World of Frances Barkley 1769-1845 (Heritage, 2003). Converse has continued to do more research by interviewing marine historians and ships’ masters to fill in extra details and more context for Frances’ story in Frances Barkley: Eighteenth-century Seafarer. 9781772034417
Cathy Converse of Victoria has taught women's studies and criminology at Camosun College where she and a colleague edited In Her Own Right: Selected Essays on Women's History in B.C. She is also the author of Mainstays: Women Who Shaped B.C. (Horsdal & Schubart), the stories of little-known women such as talented portrait photographer Hannah Maynard and cancer specialist Dr. Ethyn Trapp.
Converse revised, edited and extensively expanded a re-released version of Beth Hill's 1978 book The Remarkable World of Frances Barkley (Touchwood Editions, 2004). [See Frances Barkley entry] She subsequently built upon the research of Edith Iglauer for a full-scale portrait of coastal author M. Wylie Blanchet, Following the Curve of Time (Touchwood). This book was nominated for the BC Booksellers' Choice Award in Honour of Bill Duthie.
Auntie Vie: A Life of Pickles and Pearls (TouchWood, 2010) is the biography of Pamela Anderson's aunt, who 'burst onto the scene as Pamela's biggest supporter' on the TV program Dancing with the Stars.
BOOKS:
The Remarkable World of Frances Barkley: 1769-1845 (Touchwood, 2008) 9781894898782. Co-authored by Beth Hill.
Auntie Vie: A Life of Pickles and Pearls (Touchwood, 2010) 9781926741154
Against the Current: The Remarkable Life of Agnes Deans Cameron (Touchwood, 2018) $20 9781771512961
Frances Barkley: Eighteenth-century Seafarer (Heritage, 2023) $12.95 9781772034417
[BCBW 2023]
REVIEWS:
Against the Current: The Remarkable Life of Agnes Deans Cameron by Cathy Converse (Touchwood, 2018)
When Agnes Deans Cameron died in 1912, her funeral cortege was the largest the city of Victoria had ever witnessed.
Fast forward to Canada's 150th anniversary of confederation and Agnes Deans Cameron was named one of the top 150 most significant individuals in B.C.'s history. But few people know her as the first celebrated author to be born in B.C.
Born in Victoria in 1863, she wrote one significant book, The New North: Being Some Account of a Woman's Journey through Canada to the Arctic (New York: D. Appleton & Co., 1910), that described a 10,000 mile return trip she made in 1908 with her niece. Cameron claimed they were the first non-Indigenous women to reach the Arctic overland and to travel down the Mackenzie River to the Beaufort Sea.
A lifelong crusader for women's suffrage, Cameron became B.C.'s first female high school teacher in 1890 and its first female principal in 1894. She was also one of British Columbia's first female journalists, publishing extensively in Canadian and American magazines such as Saturday Evening Post, Pacific Monthly, The Canadian Magazine, Educational Journal of Western Canada and The Coast.
Also, a perceptive observer of Inuit and Chipewyan culture and women, she travelled extensively in later years promoting immigration to western Canada and addressing audiences at Oxford, Cambridge, St. Andrew's University and the Royal Geographical Society. Now she's the subject of Cathy Converse's Against the Current: The Remarkable Life of Agnes Deans Cameron.
"The events that shaped Cameron's life, her integrity, her courage, and her intelligence piqued my interest," Converse says. "I was drawn to the fact that she was a strong woman who wrote her own script and was able to make the very best out of the very worst."
Cathy Converse was first introduced to Agnes Deans Cameron when Roberta Pazdro contributed a chapter to a book that Converse co-edited with Barbra Latham in 1980, called In Her Own Right: Selected Essays in Women's History in B.C.
"As a woman," Converse says, "I also felt that she could teach me about confidence and how to deflect the arrows that threaten to slay us the moment we dare to step apart from the norm."
Agnes Deans Cameron's parents were Scottish. Her brother William became a Victoria alderman and a member of the B.C. legislature; Cameron chose teaching as a profession and never married. Possibly she was influenced by a visit to Victoria by the leading American suffragist Susan B. Anthony in 1874.
Cameron earned her first teaching certificate at age 13. She taught at Angela College in Victoria at age 16, then in Comox and the sawmill settlement of Granville, before returning to Victoria after the death of her father in 1884.
At 26, while teaching at Victoria Boys' School, she became infamous for strapping a disobedient student named Herbert Burkholder. The parents objected to this disciplinary treatment and the controversy reached the press.
"I whipped him severely," she wrote, "just as severely as I could. But the father goes further and insists that I struck the boy on the head--this is a mistake." Cameron was fully exonerated.
Cameron was newsworthy again in 1901 when she wrote about sex discrimination in salaries. This time the Victoria school trustees dismissed her on a technicality for daring to threaten their authority. She was later reinstated.
In 1905, she was in hot water for allowing her students to use rulers for their drawing tests. Her dismissal this time brought forth a public outcry. A Royal Commission Inquiry was held for two months. It issued a 33-page report that upheld the firing.
The Royal Commission Inquiry process encouraged the government to suspend Cameron's first-class teaching certificate for three years effective June 1, 1906.
This fracas prompted Cameron to get elected as a Victoria School Trustee in 1906, placing herself in the position of working with the people who had fired her. Unable to work as a teacher, Cameron turned to journalism and was asked to speak at the third annual Canadian Press Association convention, in Winnipeg, in 1906. This led to a position with the Immigration Association, based in Chicago which prompted her resignation from the School Board of Victoria and her relocation to Chicago to work as a writer, chiefly writing about the Canadian West.
Cameron became vice-president of the Canadian Women's Press Club and began saving for her long hoped-for journey up the Mackenzie River to the Arctic Circle in 1908, at age 44, in the company of her niece, Jessie Cameron Brown. With photographic equipment and a typewriter, they made a six-month journey from Chicago to the Arctic via the Athabasca River, Great Slave Lake and the Mackenzie River.
Cameron's lone book is almost always accorded an initial publishing year of 1910 but it could well have been 1909. In her travelogue Cameron accepted polygamy among the Inuit but regretted the general status of women.
"Sad is the lot of the Indian woman of the North," she wrote. "Fated always to play a secondary part in the family drama, it is hard to see what of pleasure life holds for her. The birth of a baby girl is not attended with joy or thankfulness. From the beginning the little one is pushed into the background. The boy babies, even the dogs, have the choicer bed at night, and to them are given the best pieces of meat."
Cameron returned from the Arctic with a heightened awareness of the need to assert the equality of aboriginal peoples. She returned to Chicago and later toured Britain with Jessie Cameron Brown and another niece, Gladys Cameron, giving presentations about her journey at the end of 1909.
In 1911, Cameron returned to Victoria and appeared on stage with the British suffragette Emmeline Pankhurst.
Cameron's writing career was in its ascendancy with a four-month contract from the London Daily Mail to write a daily column about Canada and the prospect of being hired by the government of Canada to lecture throughout Britain to encourage immigration. She planned to write a novel about mining camps to be based upon research in Stewart, B.C.
Now that larger metropolitan centres had recognized her spirit and accomplishments, Cameron soon discovered she was welcomed back to Victoria as a celebrity. Stricken with appendicitis, Cameron contracted pneumonia following surgery and died at age 48 on May 13, 1912, in Victoria. Her body was taken to Seattle for cremation. 9781771512701
Frances Barkley: Eighteenth-century Seafarer
by Cathy Converse (Heritage $12.95)
Review by Beverly Cramp (BCBW 2023)
Fresh out of convent school in France where she had studied French, history and culture, seventeen-year-old Frances Trevor was back with her British family in 1786 when she met twenty-six-year-old sea captain Charles Barkley. Frances fell in love and married the seagoing merchant after a six-week courtship.
This was a time when large parts of the world were still being explored, and many parts of North America were uncharted. Yet the appeal of making fortunes by buying goods from remote places and selling them for huge mark-ups where such goods were in demand, took sailors on long sea voyages that often meant leaving their families behind for years at a time. It was unheard of for a wife to accompany her merchant mariner husband on the high seas, but Frances was hellbent on joining Charles. “I had only been on a ship once before,” Frances says in Frances Barkley: Eighteenth-century Seafarer by Cathy Converse, which references Frances’ written recollections called Reminiscences, compiled in the years before her death in 1845. “I was both excited for the adventure that lay before us and sad, for I knew that it would be a long time before I saw my family again.” Admitting she was naïve, Frances nonetheless was determined, declaring: “I did not want to be separated from my dear husband.”
Thus began Frances Barkley’s journeys from November 1786 to December 1794, as she became the first known woman to openly circumnavigate the earth on a sailing ship, and also the first European woman to visit the Pacific Northwest (there are stories of women disguised as men aboard ships in previous years). She gave birth to two children during this period, one of whom died and was buried at sea near what is known today as Sulawesi, Indonesia.
Sea otters from the pacific northwest were worth a fortune in China where they could be traded for goods such as tea, silk and porcelain that were highly sought after in Britain. Although there were already many ships in the merchant sea trade, few had voyaged around the world. It was risky and expensive. If successful, the Barkleys would be rich. But they also faced hardship, disease, fierce seas that could have taken them to a watery grave, and capture by pirates as well as imprisonment by enemy forces during war. There was also the beauty and awe of new lands and social high times in the homes of rich foreigners.
The Barkley’s descendants later scattered around the world including Vancouver Island, which is why Frances Barkley’s original Reminiscences ended up in the BC Archives. A previous book The Remarkable World of Frances Barkley (Gray’s, 1978) was written by Beth Hill (1924–1997), and later reissued and expanded with the help of Victoria’s Cathy Converse as The Remarkable World of Frances Barkley 1769-1845 (Heritage, 2003). Converse has continued to do more research by interviewing marine historians and ships’ masters to fill in extra details and more context for Frances’ story in Frances Barkley: Eighteenth-century Seafarer. 9781772034417
Articles: 1 Article for this author
Following the Curve of Time (Touchwood $24.95)
Review
Having written about Frances Barkley-the first white woman to reach Canada's West Coast-Cathy Converse examines the secretive life of M. Wylie Blanchet, whose boating memoir The Curve of Time is into its eleventh printing.
Cathy Converse's Following the Curve of Time (Touchwood $24.95) focuses on where Blanchet traveled and her family background. Although it is not touted as a biography, it leapt quickly onto the BC Bestseller list and has remained there for months.
It would be nice to learn Blanchet was a doting single mom, as well as a generous free spirit, sensitive to First Nations people. It would be nice to believe she and her brood happily undertook idyllic cruises, as a sort of Swiss Family Robinson On The Water.
Artists, however, are seldom exemplary humans. The egocentricity required for originality more frequently produces monsters than saints.
Converse's well-intentioned profile reveals that Blanchet was admirable but not necessarily likeable. "She was not a Waterford Crystal kind of woman,"; Converse writes. The reader surmises that her children must have sometimes felt like captives aboard the family's crowded 25 ft. by 61/2 ft. cedar launch. One of them openly dismisses her famous book as a false concoction.
Blanchet, as Muriel Liffiton, had a tomboy-ish childhood within a well-to-do High Anglican family in Quebec. She inexplicably left her studies to marry bank employee Geoffrey Blanchet.
Whereas he was highly emotional, she could be intensely pragmatic. This marriage wasn't made in heaven. After Geoffrey Blanchet fell ill in his early 40s and subsequently retired, the couple and their four children drove west in a Willys-Knight touring car, serendipitously discovering and buying a cottage at Curteis Point on Vancouver Island, near Sidney, B.C., in 1922.
Unoccupied since 1914, this strange and abandoned little house, which they dubbed Little House, had been designed by Samuel Maclure. It was a case of finders-keepers. The ivy-covered home known as Little House was torn down in 1948, beset by dry rot, but it was soon replaced by a new building and 'Capi' Blanchet kept it for the rest of her days.
In 1923 the family bought their 25-ft. gas boat, the Caprice, for $600, after it had been sunk at anchor by ice dislodged by the Brentwood ferry. The boat was only one-year-old but its engine had to be overhauled after it was raised to the surface.
Blanchet's affinity for mechanics and boats was therefore born of necessity. The engine would remain in use for 20 years until 1942.
One more child was born in B.C., then tragedy struck. Geoffrey Blanchet died, or disappeared, under very mysterious circumstances, in 1927, after he embarked on the Caprice and stopped at nearby Knapp Island. The boat was found by a Chinese gardener on the island. It was presumed that Blanchet's husband drowned while going for a swim, but this remains mere conjecture.
Each summer thereafter for 15 years, the indomitable
'Capi', with five children to raise, rented her house to a family from Washington State and Huck Finn-ed it along the coasts of Vancouver Island.
For someone who had capably home-schooled her kids, Blanchet left behind a suspiciously paltry paper trail.
Ultimately the portrait that emerges from Converse is one of a no-nonsense person who stubbornly resisted the advice or charity of others.
When Blanchet developed emphysema and her doctor recommended moving to a drier climate, her response was to stick her head in the oven for twenty minutes a day. "Unfortunately, long-term exposure to oil stoves,"; Converse writes, "can cause the very condition she was trying to remedy.
Once, when Blanchet and her daughter-in-law Janet were driving to Victoria and they passed a house with a well-stocked woodpile, Capi Blanchet derisively suggested those people had to be from the Prairies because they had failed to note the beach was littered with wood.
Blanchet scavenged all her firewood from the beach. "Two friends once brought her a gift of Presto logs,"; Converse writes, "so that she would not have to burn wet wood and scraps from the beach.
"Capi thanked them but later said it was one of the silliest gifts she had ever received; it was like bringing coals to Newcastle.";
But burning driftwood permeated with salt produces an acid that eats away at brick and causes chimney damage. "Also, burning wood that has not been seasoned for six to nine months generates soot and creosote,"; Converse writes, "which can markedly increase the risk of a chimney fire.";
On September 30, 1961, M. Wylie Blanchet was found dead at her typewriter, having suffered a heart attack at age 70. The never-solved disappearance of her husband casts a macabre shadow over Blanchet's life, even now.
Possibly M. Wylie Blanchet and Emily Carr could have been friends. Neither liked the outside world, and the outside world often responded in kind. And the attentions of men were not at the top of their agenda.
Just as Converse benefited from the work of Beth Hill, who first published The Remarkable World of Frances Barkley 1769-1845 in 1978, this time Converse is indebted to Edith Iglauer for her posthumous profile that appeared in Raincoast Chronicles.
After World War II, the Caprice was sold for $700 to the owner of a Victoria boatyard. It was soon destroyed by a fire when it was in for repairs.
The original version of The Curve of Time appeared in England in the late 1950s, published by Blackwoods in London, the company for which Blanchet had often written freelance articles. Few copies reached the West Coast of Canada. The unusual title The Curve of Time is derived from some writing she had on board the Caprice by the Maurice Maeterlinck (1862-1949) in which the Belgian Nobel Prize winner considered time as a curve.
Publisher Gray Campbell of Sidney released the first Canadian edition in 1968 after Blanchet had died in 1961. It sold for $1.95. A children's book by Blanchet was published posthumously in 1983.
978-1-894898-68-3
[BCBW 2008] "Maritime"